The purpose of this two-part article is to review and synthesise the extant literature with a primary focus on exercise-related activities Daniel Bishop produced a comprehensive review of the sport-related literature recently in the Sport and Exercise Psychology Review (2010). The proposed benefits of music in such contexts have intrigued researchers for over 40 years. The authors have spent the last two decades systematically investigating the effects of music in exercise, sport and other physical activity contexts (e.g., physiotherapy rehabilitation). Guidelines are provided for future research and exercise practitioners. When selected according to its motivational qualities, the positive impact of music on both psychological state and performance is magnified. The effects of music appear to be at their most potent when it is used to accompany self-paced exercise or in externally valid conditions. There is evidence to suggest that carefully selected music can promote ergogenic and psychological benefits during high-intensity exercise, although it appears to be ineffective in reducing perceptions of exertion beyond the anaerobic threshold. During repetitive, endurance-type activities, self-selected, motivational and stimulative music has been shown to enhance affect, reduce ratings of perceived exertion, improve energy efficiency and lead to increased work output. Pre-task music has been shown to optimise arousal, facilitate task-relevant imagery and improve performance in simple motoric tasks. In this two-part review paper, the development of conceptual approaches and mechanisms underlying the effects of music are explicated (Part I), followed by a critical review and synthesis of empirical work (spread over Parts I and II). You'll also make critical decisions about the path you take.Since a 1997 review by Karageorghis and Terry, which highlighted the state of knowledge and methodological weaknesses, the number of studies investigating musical reactivity in relation to exercise has swelled considerably. As you work your way up the ladder, you'll scheme against fellow employees, spy on your boss and complete essential paperwork. How are you going to accomplish what you must do? Are you even going to pursue that goal? After all, you are now an officer of the Ministry, with the power and freedom to shape your own future!īeholder 2 is a dystopian 2D adventure that seamlessly incorporates elements of career simulations and surveillance games into a single gripping experience. No one can know the truth! Otherwise, your career will end before it begins. When you learn the answers, you'll understand your success – and your survival – depend on your silence. How did you end up here? Did you land this job on your own? No that would have been impossible! So, who paved the way and – more importantly – why? Your goal is the Prime Minister's seat! You'll get there, too, and brush anyone who dares to stand in your way! Scheming and blackmailing are just the tip of the iceberg – and the ends justify the means! However, those who did play the first game will notice more references and Easter eggs!Īre you destined to spend your life dusting off the applications of insignificant citizens? No! Pushing papers is not your cup of tea. No requirement to play the original Beholder game to understand the events of the sequel. Lots of black humor to light the totalitarian darkness! Play absorbing mini-games, process citizens’ applications, and test landlords (figure out yourselves what this may mean) Time is your most valuable asset! Invest it wisely! Complicated stories and life situations every working day at the Ministry! Unique art style, 3D characters in a 2.5D environment! Multiple endings! How many can you get? Unique totalitarian bureaucratic simulator! In fact, the Wise Leader himself will decorate you with honors! Even better, your efforts won't go unnoticed. While you are at the bottom of the career ladder, even that is higher than many of your fellow citizens will ever climb! You will work hard for the public good and help thousands of people. As part of the Ministry, we expect you to perform your duties with precision and care. Although you are a simple intern, we are entrusting you with work of great importance. Massive oak doors conceal the most important secrets of the State. Cold, gray, foreboding walls stretch to the sky.
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